Centennial Mini Series Photos

Narrator: It takes a village to maintain and operate a place like Mount Rainier National Park. What role will you play? Who will be the future of Mount Rainier National Park? Linnea: I'm a future archaeologist and I study the human history of the park. Gabriel: I'm a future maintenance ranger. Logan: I am future backcountry ranger and I protect the wilderness.

Ciana: I am a plant ecologist and I plant meadows. Grayson: I'm a future dispatch ranger and I connect the park. Dakota & Charlie: We're future mechanics. Bailey: I'm a future welder. Danner: I'm a future carpenter.

I work with wood. Sierra: I'm a park superintendent! Bailey: I weld broken plows. Gabriel: I work on projects like improving campgrounds. Adrienne: I'm a future education ranger and I take kids on field trips and help inspire them to care for the animals and the park and not stomp on meadows and just be bad to nature Ciana: I'm watering the plants so they grow. Grayson & Sierra: We're park rangers!

Logan: I like going on hikes cause I can see cool stuff and really cool stuff too! (off camera): What sort of cool stuff? Logan: Like big ferns, plants, trees, twigs, stumps and all that stuff. Shadows of the Past – Transcript Ranger: Explorers and settlers started coming to Mount Rainier in the late 1800s Can you imagine what it was like back then?

Webster University Centennial Film Series Photos. Celebrating 100 years of serving students with unmatched learning experiences.

Who are these people and what are their stories? James Longmire: Now hold there! I'd like to take credit for finding this grand place but some of that credit gotta go to my horse, Old Shot. We were camped over by the river, just over yonder there, and Old Shot come up a missing and so I set out looking for him and followed this here deer path and low and behold it led me right into the meadows just over beyond the trees there and there was Old Shot!

He was drinking from this bubblin' spring! Well I got- I got me an idea right there of the potentiality of this here place! And so I got me a vial of water and when we got back to Yelm I sent it clean off to Chicago for a testing. And I got a smart report right back from them that there are healthy minerals in all of these waters around here. My family and I got us a mineral claim here. We built up the cabins over here and two years ago we put up a hotel. Ranger: In the hidden meadow found by Old Shot James Longmire and his family developed a popular mineral springs resort.

It was the foundation for the Longmire Historic Landmark District that still exists today. But not everyone felt that the mountain and wilderness should be developed. One man in particular John Muir became a leader in the conservation movement, inspired in part by his visit to Mount Rainier in 1888. John Muir: The making of parks goes on all over civilizations all over the world. We all need beauty as well as bread.

Places to play in and places to pray in. Places where nature can reach down and touch and heal and give light to body and soul alike. [Sigh] Now in the making of the west, if nature had parks in mind, surely this Mount Rainier region would have been one of them. Oh, the trees go to about six thousand feet and above them is a zone of wildflowers so rich and luxuriant, it's as if nature happy to set aside a space a twixt woods so dense and ice so deep were economizing the precious ground and seeing how of her precious darlings she could put into a single mountain wreath It is the finest subalpine garden I have ever seen, a floral Elysium. My friends, seek the mountain Seek the mountain and its blessings like sunshine will seek into the trees and winds will your freshness into you and storms their energies and your cares will drip off like autumn leaves Nature's peace I give to you. Ranger: Many people were drawn here for a different reason.

They came to climb the mountain. But it wasn't just men answering this challenge Fay Fuller was the first woman to climb Mount Rainier and she accomplished this feat in 1890. Fay Fuller: Welcome fellow adventurous souls to the sweet forested hillsides of the grand Mount Tahoma to the sweet forested hillsides of the grand Mount Tahoma. Perhaps some of you have heard the account of my recent ascent which I published in the Tacoma ledger and which some of the more delicate members of our society have recently spoken ill on account of me being unchaperoned with four male climbing companions and the nature of my climbing costume. But no matter, I trust that hearty citizens like yourself understand that the lure of the mountains is by no means limited to men in such changing times as these nor is it impossible that a young woman such as myself could achieve such a grand physical feat as the summit of Tahoma. Spend a few weeks on its hillsides this summer if you want to fall in love with the world again The beauty and grandeur you will find here will give you new life.

And as for me, I am satisfied for I have accomplished what I always dreamed of and feared impossible. Ranger: The experiences of men and women like John Muir and Fay Fuller inspired the public and helped to establish Mount Rainier as America's fifth National Park on March 2, 1899. But what does it mean to be a national park? People came here for many different reasons and the young park had its share of growing pains. Grenville Allen: Oh my manners! My name is Grenville Allen and I'm the acting superintendent of this magnificent new national park You know, the horse and buggies are being phased out and most of America is now traveling by auto.

And so the Longmires have put up quite a decent road from Yelm and Eatonville up here to Longmire have put up quite a decent road from Yelm and Eatonville up here to Longmire and there's been a very nicely established trail up to Camp of the Clouds, or Paradise, for several years now. So my first reaction to allowing autos in the park was to say 'no!' I wanted to have more time to research as to what these auto cars- their impacts on the park and the visitor experience. But to my dismay, the Secretary of the Interior thought otherwise and he issued auto permits. So this past year of 1907-08 we issued a hundred and seventeen permits and we're the first national park to allow cars in. Who knows, by 1950 we might have to issue 500 permits!

Ranger: Grenville Allen Ranger: Grenville Allen worked hard to make decisions to preserve this wilderness, but also to create opportunities for park visitors to enjoy it. Those visitors also played a very big role in the development of the national park. One such early visitor was Asahel Curtis. He helped organize one of the first park visitor groups, The Mountaineers. Asahel Curtis: I want to welcome you to this mountain and invite you to join the Mountaineers club made of private citizens just like yourself We Mountaineers started five years ago back in 1906, and we love recreating at this majestic mountain.

We also have the ear of the park administration too, involving important matters like making this park safer to use while we preserve it. There were a lot of other guides who didn't care about the park, preserving it or protecting it. They would hunt and mine, and sell liquor and all sorts of unsavory things.

Things are getting much better now that we, The Mountaineers, are cooperating with the park service Well, that's enough about us Mountaineers, if you want any more information please let me know, I will around the Longmire Springs area until up to Paradise on Thursday. Ranger: One of the first men to climb Mount Rainier was PB Van Trump. Like Asahel Curtis, PB was a strong advocate for the national parks and he went on to become a national park ranger.

He was a master storyteller and loved to shared his stories with the visitors. PB Van Trump: Oh, pardon me, I forget my manners. My name is Philemon Beecher Van Trump, 'PB' for short Superintendent Allen wants me to meet with the Secretaries upon their arrival and tell them all about Mount Tahoma and my trip to the summit with General Stevens back in 1870. For those of us who climb the mountain or make the attempt, this is the meaning of the mountain It's the ultimate challenge. It's the highest peak. It's the final test of our character. We face such a challenge the same way we face any challenge in life.

By having the nerve to begin and the courage to never give up. Course, we all face mountains in life. Some made of rock and ice, others made of our own imperfect hopes and dreams and the narrow expectations of others around us. These things in no way affect what we can do or who we are. Well, what about you? What mountains do you face in your life and how will you challenge them? At any rate, it's been a pleasure.

Ranger: Most people begin their journey to the mountain here by road. From the first automobile in 1907, visitors and their vehicles continue to shape the development of Mount Rainier National Park. Aunt Eleanor: Well hello there! I drove all the way up to Longmire Springs from Tacoma today to pick up my niece. She and some friends have been hiking on a backcountry trail for the past three days.

I'm supposed to meet her here at the gas station Did you know this was the first national park to allow vehicles within the park boundary? Even before Yellowstone. Not only were automobiles allowed within the park, the park was actually planned to accommodate them Park planners laid out the road to take advantage of the most beautiful of mountain scenes and car camps and Inns were built for weary travelers in mind. Of course, I myself would not have been driving within the park last year.

Until this year, 1914, women were not allowed to drive within the park. Now, it wasn't a rule or written down anywhere, it was just 'understood'. You know what I mean.

Niece Joanne: Aunt Eleanor, hello! How was your drive?

Aunt Eleanor: Oh it was wonderful! I had no trouble at all. Did you have a good time? Niece Joanne: Oh, it was terrific! I can't wait until the Wonderland Trail is finished. Just think, a trail that lets you hike all the way around the mountain. And now, with autos, you can drive right here to Longmire Springs and hike on into the backcountry or if hiking isn't your cup of tea, you can drive through the park like my Aunt Eleanor and stay the night in one of the Inns.

Aunt Eleanor: Well, Joanne, it's about time to head back to Tacoma. Niece Joanne: [sigh] I suppose. It's always so hard to leave.

It's so nice to get away from the hustle and bustle of life in the city and just relax in the pristine backcountry. Now, don't forget Aunt Eleanor, you promised me I could drive on the way home. Aunt Eleanor: I did? Well, a promise is a promise. Both: ♪We're ladies from Tacoma, Come to visit Mount Tahoma, ♪Our car broke down but we won't frown, We're going to push it into town, ♪So don't you fret, We'll get there yet, for we're courageous Suffragettes!

Ranger: Preserved by the National Park Service for over a century, the stories of these early park visitors live on in the national park they helped to create. In another hundred years, maybe visitors will hear your story and remember how you helped shape the future of Mount Rainier National Park. Changing Times – Transcript Narrator 1: What is it that we really enjoy about national parks? The outdoor experience?

Viewing wildlife and wildflowers? The dramatic scenery? The Wilderness? In 2016, the National Park Service celebrates its Centennial. One hundred years of ensuring quality outdoor experiences that make a national park so different from any other natural area. By preserving the quality of the park’s natural resources, Mount Rainier National Park strives to bring enjoyment of this place to all for generations to come.

Over the last century or more, how we treat park resources has drastically changed with a better understanding of the impacts of human use and the implications of past resource management approaches. Narrator 2: Mount Rainier became the nation’s fifth national park in 1899, 17 years before the National Park Service was created in 1916. Those early years saw an explosion of growth and recreation in the fledgling park.

By 1904, developments in transportation brought a new visitor to the park, the day user. Day users quickly outnumbering the dedicated outdoorsmen, campers, and climbers that first explored the park.

During these early years, park administrators focused not so much on protecting the natural resources that were attracting so many new visitors, but on building facilities to support those visitors. Day users were not as satisfied with roughing it in tents, so hotels and day lodges were built in the subalpine meadows. Roads were carved through the old growth forest with bridges stretching across glacier-fed rivers. One major threat to this new development was fire, which also destroyed the beautiful forests that appealed to visitors. Instead of managing fires as a natural part of forest systems, it became a primary goal to stop all forest fires in the park completely.

In 1907, Superintendent Allen started developing the trail system primarily to allow rangers to get to forest fires faster in order to fight them. Ironically an improved trail system also brought more people, one of the main causes of fire, to Mount Rainier’s forests. Practices that hurt the park’s natural environment also included the logging of trees that were dead, damaged, or too old, removing an essential component of forest ecosystems. Old trees serve as nurse logs, feeding the next generation of forest saplings, and provide food and homes for insects and animals. Large predators like bears and mountain lions were hunted and several mining claims were allowed to operate on park land.

Narrator 1: Though these policies are seen as harmful to the environment today, they were the first attempts to protect the park’s resources according to the knowledge of the time. Narrator 1: The creation of the National Park Service in 1916 brought new order and stability to Mount Rainier. The first park naturalist was hired, rangers became professionalized and capable of enforcing park regulations, and landscape, road, and sanitation engineers worked to improve and expand park facilities.

Views in managing natural resources also started to shift. Instead of just using resources, administrators started to think of how they could protect resources.

Narrator 2: As views of managing park resources changed, so did views of wildlife management. Hunting of predator species was halted in 1924 in part due to a growing understanding and appreciation of wildlife as part of the natural environment. However, wildlife viewing was also growing as a popular park attraction- sometimes at the cost of the animal’s health and the visitor’s safety.

Early park administrator’s also believed they needed to “correct” the natural lack of fish in Mount Rainier’s many lakes and started stocking them with fish. The understanding that lakes could have healthy ecosystems without fish was not realized for decades to come. Other policies of the previous era were not as quick to change. A wave of fires in the park during the late 1920s reinforced the policy of completely suppressing all forest fires.

However, the study of how to best fight forest fires led to some of the first scientific research conducted in the park. Other early research included the first glacier surveys in the 1920s, with yearly glacier recession surveys starting in 1933. More and more visitors flocked to see the wildflower meadows, often camping, horseback riding, and hiking with little regard to trampling vegetation.

During the 1930s, park concessioners even built a golf course in the Paradise Valley. This growing impact of visitors on subalpine meadows sparked the first plant and meadow surveys in the park in the 1940s and ‘50s. Narrator 1: Visitors and administrators started to see Mount Rainier National Park not just as a place for recreation, but also as a place for education. People started coming to the park to learn, leading them to think about the value of Mount Rainier’s natural resources in a new light. --- Narrator 1: The Wilderness Act of 1964 introduced the idea of recreational carrying capacity, the “levels of recreational use an area can withstand while providing a sustained quality of recreation”. People realized that the natural beauty that so attracted them to places like Mount Rainier was being damaged by human use and required protection if it was to be maintained. This view brought another shift in the management of Mount Rainier National Park.

Narrator 2: Due to the Wilderness Act, the park was zoned for different types of use. The “front country”, with buildings, roads, and car camping, was less protected than the more pristine “backcountry” where the goal was to minimize human impact. This allowed for a balance in the goals of the park, permitting visitor recreation but also protecting the park’s natural resources as much as possible. Limiting visitor use wasn’t possible in certain areas, like Paradise and Sunrise. Decades of visitors left their mark on the park’s delicate subalpine meadows, leaving them a shadow of their former glory.

If future visitors were to enjoy the same quality of experience as those first visitors to the park, the meadows needed to be restored. The first park greenhouse was built in 1974, allowing thousands of new plants to be restored in areas damaged from visitor overuse. Additional legislation in the 1970s, including the Clean Air Act, the Clean Water Act, and the Endangered Species Act, also brought a new resolve and dedication to scientific research in the park. From the 1970s into the 1980s, scientists coming to the park started to study mountain goats, reptiles, amphibians, endangered birds like the spotted owl, and other species. A study of native fish finally led to the end of stocking park lakes in 1972.

Mount Rainier is also a volcano. During this time a partnership with the United States Geologic Survey led to the first comprehensive study of the mountain’s volcanic activity and geologic history.

The policy towards forests fire finally started to change as well. Instead of preventing all fires, Mount Rainier National Park started allowing some natural-caused fires to exist. Fires started by people, or fires that could harm people or property, were still suppressed, but this was the start of a new way of thinking of wildfire as a natural part of a dynamic ecosystem instead of solely as a destructive force. One of the largest changes in resource protection was a growing awareness and involvement of visitors themselves.

Volunteers started to assist with rehabilitation efforts and wilderness education. Visitor advocates encouraged the protection of Mount Rainier’s natural beauty, and worked to preserve it alongside park administrators. Narrator 2: Many of the challenges facing natural resource protection at Mount Rainier National Park today have existed throughout the park’s history.

From the first visitors coming on foot or horseback to the thousands coming to the park today, human use continues to have the greatest impact on park resource conditions. The park greenhouse grows thousands of native plants every year from seeds collected within the park. Using those plants, the meadow restoration program maintains subalpine meadows in the park’s most-visited areas, an effort that will continue as long as visitors come to experience the meadows. Advancements in technology, particularly in mapping, tracking, and data collection, allow scientists to better understand and monitor the complex ecosystems of Mount Rainier. Instead of focusing on isolated species, Mount Rainier National Park joined the National Park Service Natural Resource Inventory and Monitoring Program.

Created in 1998, the program manages the long-term study and protection of park ecosystems across the country. Determined to maintain Mount Rainier’s native environment, park scientists also work to detect and control invasive species, animals and plants that can be harmful to naturally occurring species. The park is also planning for the future in order to best protect natural resources from new challenges. One of the most important considerations is climate change.

Changing climate conditions have the potential to drastically alter the park’s environment, affecting everything from glaciers, water resources, and air quality, to the distribution and long-term survival of plant and animal species. Visitor education and involvement will continue to be key in mitigating future threats and protecting the park’s natural resources. Narrator 1: It’s easy to look back at the mistakes of the past and wonder why people didn’t do things differently. Why would past park administrators allow meadow damage or hunting?

Did they not care or did they just not know better? Throughout the park’s history, visitors, rangers, and resource managers deeply valued the mountain’s environment and managed it to the best of their knowledge at the time. Today we, too, constantly strive for ways we can do better, just as people in the park’s history strove to do better. This park, its wilderness, forests, plants, and animals all still exist because of the work they did to preserve it. We are the future generation able to enjoy a quality outdoor experience because of the work of past generations. We can also make sure we are not the last generation to enjoy Mount Rainier’s amazing natural resources, but that they continue to be preserved and celebrated by future generations.

Duration: 14 minutes, 19 seconds How did we go from cutting down trees and hunting bears to restoring meadows and reintroducing lost species? This year, as we celebrate the National Park Service Centennial, we reflect on over a century of protecting the natural resources of Mount Rainier National Park. However, many policies of the past were very different from those of the present. Discover how Mount Rainier National Park became the park it is today, and learn how we plan to protect Mount Rainier National Park into the future for the enjoyment of all. Designing Mount Rainier: Rustic Architecture of Mount Rainier National Park Video Transcript Narrator: Passing through an entrance arch into Mount Rainier National Park takes you into a new world. In this park, buildings created of rough-hewn rock and natural timbers match the rugged terrain of their surroundings. Roads follow the curves of the landscape through old-growth forest and along lava ridges.

Bridges span glacier-fed rivers and frame waterfalls. From simple patrol cabins to grand lodges, from tunnels to bridges, rock walls and wooden arches, the park was built to celebrate the natural environment. This principle is a key component of the National Park Service Rustic style of architecture. Mount Rainier National Park exists as one of the best examples of National Park Service, or “NPS”, rustic architecture in the country.

It is one of the main reasons the park is recognized as a National Historic Landmark District. The designation preserves not just the buildings and the roads, but the ideals of the past: the value of building for the experience of the journey, not just to pass through; an appreciation for the natural world that extends not only into where buildings and roads were built but also into how they were designed. Narrator: First constructed in 1911, the Nisqually Entrance arch stands as a literal as well as symbolic gateway to the mountain. Predating the 1916 creation of the National Park Service, the entrance arch with its massive rough-hewn logs helped establish the authority of the young park.

Modeled after the Nisqually Entrance, other entrances to the park also boast impressive log gateways, inviting visitors into the natural world. - The Oscar Brown Cabin at the Nisqually Entrance was built in 1908, and was the first ranger station in the park. Decorated with wood tracery, the building appears relatively delicate in comparison to other park buildings. Its wood construction and low profile design represents the first signs of NPS Rustic architecture style in Mount Rainier National Park. Narrator: From the Nisqually Entrance Arch, trace the path of generations of visitors as you follow the road to Longmire. - Large trees remain right at the edge of the road, left there to preserve the integrity of the forest experience.

Narrator: With 58 recognized historic buildings, from the iconic Administration building to simple wood cabins that house employees, Longmire remains as one of the most extensive collections of NPS Rustic architecture in the country. Constructed with locally sourced boulders and wood, the buildings in Longmire blend into their forest surroundings. - The Longmire Suspension Bridge, built in 1924, is the only surviving suspension bridge for vehicles remaining in the National Park Service. The bridge is still used today.

- Narrator: The road to Paradise was designed to guide a visitor’s experience of the park. Curves in the road reveal unexpected and dramatic views of the mountain and its glacier-carved valleys. Bridges over Narada and Christine Falls frame waterfalls with stone-faced arches. The arches were built without extra adornment so that the eye is drawn to the waterfalls and not to the bridges. Pullouts provide opportunities to savor the journey. Narrator: As the primary visitor destination in the park, buildings in the Paradise area strayed from the ideals of National Park Service Rustic architecture. Instead, they borrowed from the styles of popular European mountain resorts.

This so-called “Resort Architecture” is higher profile with steeply-pitched roofs to shed snow and is less uniform in style from building to building. Narrator: From Paradise, Stevens Canyon Road leads to the east side of the park, connecting to State Routes 410 and 123. - Following the standards of NPS Rustic architecture, the roads were constructed to look as natural as possible. Rocks used in wall construction had to be large, but variable in shape to disrupt any sort of uniform pattern. The weathered sides of the rocks were placed outwards to hide fresh cuts in the stone so that the rock walls looked as natural as the surrounding hillsides.

The tops of the walls were often uneven or had crenulations to further disguise any straight lines that may catch the eye of the visitor. Tunnels in the park were constructed in a similar design.

Built in 1939, the tunnel on State Route 123 is 512 feet long with rock-clad entrance portals. Some of the stones in the portal are more than 6 feet wide to match the massive scale of the surrounding rock face. After construction, natural vegetation was replanted on the slopes around the tunnel entrance to help it blend into the hillside and to hide scars from the road cut. Narrator: Due to the many streams, creeks, and waterways in the park, there are hundreds of culverts and bridges along park roads. The road from White River Entrance to Sunrise, a distance of 14 miles, has 150 culverts alone! 124 of those culverts still have their original historic masonry rockwork. Much like the stone entrance portals of the road tunnels, many culverts in the park have rock faces that help disguise their entrances.

- Narrator: At Sunrise Point, large rock capstones along the walls roughly mimic the shape of Mount Rainier. This subtle design feature reinforces the views of the many peaks visible from Sunrise Point. Narrator: Opened in 1931, Sunrise was developed to provide access to the eastern slopes of the mountain. While Paradise might be the resort of the mountain, it also disorganized in design. The park builders took a different approach with Sunrise, modeling its layout after early territorial outposts of the Pacific Northwest. Tucked in at the end of the subalpine meadows of Yakima Park, the Sunrise stockade buildings are a tightly contained bundle, minimizing the impact on the meadows and keeping the focus on views of the mountain. Utilities are tucked out of sight behind the stockade fence, and the log construction returns to the values of the National Park Service Rustic style.

- Narrator: With Paradise Road and Stevens Canyon crossing the park in the south and State Routes 410 and 123 in the east, the park’s early builders aimed to create an “around-the-mountain” network of park roads by constructing Carbon River Road in the north and Westside Road in the West. Debris flows and floods repeatedly damaged both Westside and Carbon River Roads, eventually closing them to vehicles. The goal of an encircling road system was abandoned. The park founders did succeed in creating an “around-the-mountain” trail that came to be known as the Wonderland Trail. This impressive 93-mile route is marked by a ring of historic ranger cabins, also constructed in the style of NPS Rustic architecture.

- Narrator: From the local materials used in park buildings to the carefully designed path of the road through the landscape, the ideals of harmony and enjoyment with the natural world valued by the park’s creators remain in the structures they left behind. Designated as a National Historic Landmark District, the park’s buildings, roads, and developed areas are preserved and maintained so that they remain true to their original construction. Through this protection, future visitors will travel the same roads and paths as the first visitors to this park, lean against the same rocks walls, and marvel at the same views. Duration: 9 minutes, 46 seconds From entrance arches and rock bridges to curving roads and rustic buildings, Mount Rainier National Park was designed with the visitor experience in mind.

The park’s historic buildings and roads represent the development of a style of architecture, called 'National Park Service Rustic', that has shaped the design of parks throughout the country. The style utilizes natural elements from the landscape to blend with environment while enhancing significant features of the park for the enjoyment of the visitor. Honored as a National Historic Landmark District, Mount Rainier preserves these roads and buildings in their original design so that you - and future generations - can experience the same awe-inspiring views as a century of visitors to the park.

Centennial, the 12-episode, American,, that aired on, from October 1978-February 1979. It was based on. Written by (Novel) (Part 5, 7, 9 & 11) John Wilder (Part 2, 6 & 12) Jerry Ziegman (Part 3, 4 & 11) Directed by Harry Falk (Part 8, 9 & 10) (Part 3, 4 & 5) (Part 11) (Part 1, 2, 6, 7 & 12) Starring Theme music composer Country of origin United States Original language(s) English No. Of episodes 12 Production Producer(s) Howard P. Alston Alex Beaton (Chapter 6) George E.

Crosby Malcolm R. Harding Editor(s) Howard Deane John Elias Bill Parker Ralph Schoenfeld Robert F. Shugrue Robert Watts Running time 1256 min.

(12 episodes) Production company(s) Release Original network Original release October 1, 1978 – February 4, 1979 Centennial is a 12-episode American, that aired on, from October 1978 to February 1979. It was based on by, and was produced by John Wilder. The miniseries follows the history of the area of the of Centennial,, from 1795 to the 1970s. Its cast included,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, and. The miniseries was one of the longest (26½ hours, including commercials) and most ambitious television projects ever attempted at the time. It had a budget of US$25 million, employed four directors and five cinematographers, and featured over 100 speaking parts spanning 26 hours of television viewing time. Centennial was released on on July 29, 2008.

Contents • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Episode guide [ ] Episode U.S. This section describes a work or element of fiction in a primarily style.

(February 2011) () Only the Rocks Live Forever [ ] The story begins in the mid-18th century among the tribes of what is now northern. A young boy named Lame Beaver grows up during this period.

He becomes a great warrior after a single-handed raid on the brings horses to the Arapaho for the first time, enabling them to become part of the great plains. By the end of the 18th century, Lame Beaver's band is camped along the, and they begin to encounter for the first time. One such trapper is Pasquinel (), a who has gone out to the to trade for pelts. Pasquinel and Lame Beaver () end up confronting each other in the dead of night, with knives ready.

But Pasquinel puts down his blade in an act of trust, and the two become good friends. Lame Beaver comes to see great courage and honor within this white man, and so trades pelts with him for French trinkets. However, the beaver pelts that Pasquinel acquired from the, as well as his remaining trade goods, are stolen by members of the tribe. The French trader had felt himself safe after meeting with their chief. He is saved by warriors, and manages to track down the rogue Pawnee just as they are about to trade his pelts.

The traders on their keelboat kill the treacherous Pawnee, but also turn on the plucky Pasquinel. He is left for dead on the riverbank. Pasquinel manages to return to, then part of the, with a Pawnee stone arrowhead in his spine. Lacking resources, he is introduced by a surgeon to Herman Bockweiss (), a immigrant merchant and silversmith, and goes to him for backing. Pasquinel later marries Bockweiss's daughter Lise (), who is attracted to him even though he keeps leaving for long periods in order to trade furs in unknown territory.

The marriage is questionable from the start, as Pasquinel is rumored to have wives in various cities across North America. His financing secured, Pasquinel once again heads west and encounters Alexander McKeag (), a Scottish-born trapper captured by the Pawnee. He gives the Pawnee chief a gun and arranges to free the red-bearded Scot.

He also gives the chief some of Bockweiss' fine silver. The delighted Pawnee chief guarantees Pasquinel and McKeag safe travel through his land, and the two white men become partners and lifelong friends.

On their way back to Lame Beaver's Arapaho village, Pasquinel spots the same pirates who robbed him a year before. Using McKeag as bait, he lures the pirates in and fires at them. Pawnee warriors aid him as well, killing the rest of the pirates in retribution for their braves' deaths.

McKeag is angered that Pasquinel would use such underhanded tactics, but it's just business for the. In a later encounter, a couple of 'coup' the white traders. Pasquinel warns McKeag not to harm them, and just fires over their assailant's heads to scare them off.

McKeag tries shooting them and is lanced in the shoulder with a spear. Pasquinel manages to get the wounded McKeag to Lame Beaver's village, where the Scotsman recovers from his injuries. McKeag falls in love with Lame Beaver's beautiful daughter Clay Basket (), and she returns the Scotsman's love.

Pasquinel and McKeag eventually leave for St. Louis with their furs. Clay Basket wants to marry Alexander McKeag upon his return, but her father Lame Beaver says she should marry Pasquinel instead. Lame Beaver feels that Clay Basket needs a strong husband who will care for her and keep her safe. Louis, Pasquinel and McKeag are confronted by the brother of one of the dead river pirates, who accuses them of killing his kin.

Pasquinel feigns no involvement, but ends up getting into a bar brawl with the man. McKeag also fights with the rest of the man's friends. Meanwhile, Lame Beaver discovers a strange rock in a creek in the mountains. It is actually, but the Arapaho chief knows nothing of its value. He makes it into a bullet for his new rifle. Pasquinel and his new bride Lise set up a proper household in St. Louis, but the fur trader feels out of place with the aristocratic society in which she lives.

The citizens of St. Louis regard Indians as inferior, and hold that they must be assimilated into the white world, a view opposed by the more knowledgeable voyageur. He and McKeag eventually pack up and head westward to Lame Beaver's village. In the meantime, Lame Beaver leads his braves in a raid against the Pawnee, killing their chief using one of the golden bullets. But the Pawnee soon rally and the brave Arapaho is slain. Clay Basket is devastated when, with her widowed mother forsaken and her own fiance Pasquinel gone, the rest of the tribe ransacks their teepee. The old woman has to live out in the cold because no male family member is around to take her in.

When Pasquinel and McKeag return to the region, they learn about the Pawnee chief's death. A native warrior shows them the bullet that killed his chief; the two traders immediately recognize the object as solid gold. They realize that the bullet means there is a local vein of gold that only Lame Beaver knew of. The two then arrive in Lame Beaver's camp, only to discover his body ceremoniously exposed along the river, as well as corpse of his widow who died of exposure in the night.

Clay Basket tells Pasquinel that she is supposed to marry him. McKeag has his doubts, as his partner is already married in St. Pasquinel decrees that he will follow Lame Beaver's wishes and take her though. McKeag senses that Pasquinel is merely using the marriage as an opportunity to further his trapping career and to get at the gold.

Their partnership and friendship begins to splinter. The Yellow Apron [ ] Clay Basket gives birth to two sons, Jacques () and Marcel () Pasquinel. But their father leaves them for long periods of time, because he must live in two worlds. One with his Indian bride, and the other with Lise in St. McKeag hates the situation, but bears with it and cares for the boys like an uncle. But Jacques grows contemptuous of McKeag's presence, sensing something between McKeag and his mother. Despite McKeag's disapproval, Pasquinel eventually agrees to take his Indian family to St.

While at an army fort, a group of drunken soldiers confront Pasquinel, insulting the trader and his family. During the ensuing scuffle young Jacques' face is slashed by one of the soldier's blades. A deep, painful physical scar results, fueling the spiritual rage that Jacques will always feels towards the whites and army posts. Afterwards, Pasquinel tells McKeag to return west without him, as he is staying in St. Louis for the time being. He returns to Lise and reveals the fact that he has a second wife who is. Meanwhile, attack McKeag, Clay Basket, and the boys at their camp.

McKeag fends them off, but Jacques is shot in the hand by a stray arrow, further scarring him. Clay Basket fears that young Jacques will be psychologically damaged and left a scarred outcast, since both worlds he comes from reject him. Pasquinel lives happily for a time with Lise; he and Lise now have a radiant young daughter, Lisette, the pride of her grandfather Herman Bockweiss. Pasquinel feels once again like an outcast, especially when rumors of his Indian wife spread; there are additional rumors of other wives in,, and. In Colorado, McKeag teaches the Pasquinel brothers fur trapping, a risky move that might infuriate the local natives.

Pasquinel eventually returns to his Indian family, despite the objections of Lise. The Frenchman isn't happy with their fur catch, and berates his eldest son for not following McKeag's instructions for setting the beaver traps. Jacques lashes out with his knife, starting a fight with the Scotsman. This incident is the final straw for McKeag.

He can no longer take the stress of tolerating Pasquinel's double life, having to suppress his own love for Clay Basket, and having to deal with Jacques animosity and contempt. He ends his partnership with Pasquinel and leaves, noting that Jacques is just 'twisted' and will kill them all. McKeag begins to live as a hermit, trapping alone in the mountains. Pasquinel continues to search for Lame Beaver's gold, and finds out that Clay Basket is pregnant with a girl. McKeag's loneliness gets the best of him, and he becomes half-mad from the isolation. It's a particularly hard winter, and his crude cabin is buried in snow.

In the Spring, 3 passing trappers find McKeag and tell him of a of on the Green River. He joins them, and finds Indians and traders of all races and nationalities having fun and taking part in various events. He is given the 'Yellow Apron,' part of a dance event where one mountain man wears the apron, performs a dance in front of the gathering, and passes it on.

With the help of a Scottish, McKeag performs a traditional Scottish dance for a cheering crowd at the Rendezvous. In the middle of the Rendezvous, McKeag reunites with Pasquinel.

The two old partners happily dance and resolve their old differences. As their friendship reignites with this wild and joyous Scottish dance, Pasquinel collapses in agony. It is the old arrowhead acting up, so McKeag and other trappers undertake a dangerous operation to remove it. They succeed, and McKeag gives the ever-vengeful Jacques the arrowhead. But later on, when the healing Pasquinel asks McKeag to rejoin him so that he won't be alone, McKeag refuses and leaves once again. Some years later in St.

Louis McKeag runs into Lise and her daughter, who is now nearly grown. He reveals to Lise that Clay Basket is the same woman McKeag had told Lise he loved, decades earlier at Lise & Pasquinel's wedding. The townswoman convinces McKeag to confront Pasquinel about this fact, since it is the reason their friendship-partnership split so long ago. McKeag follows Lise's advice, and goes looking for Pasquinel to tell him of his love for Clay Basket. The brothers Marcel and Jacques have left on their own, while Pasquinel has taken Clay Basket and his newest daughter Lucinda () up into the mountains.

Alien Skin Eye Candy 5 Textures Serial Number. In a valley on a small creek, the aged Pasquinel finally finds Lame Beaver's original vein of gold. He joyously plucks gold out of the water, having at last found what he has sought half his life.

It is at this moment that McKeag arrives, as do Pawnee braves. The Pawnee shoot Pasquinel with multiple arrows and kill him. The heartbroken Clay Basket and McKeag can only watch, and then hold the dying voyageur in their arms.

McKeag vows to care for Clay Basket and Lucinda. Clay Basket then reaffirms her love for McKeag, as he does for her. McKeag adopts Lucinda as his own, and leads his new family out of the mountainous regions. The vein of gold lies lost and forgotten, its location dying with Pasquinel's last breath. The Wagon and the Elephant [ ] In 1845, Levi Zendt () is the restless youngest brother in a wealthy German-American family living in.

Levi is falsely accused of attempting to a fellow Mennonite girl. Refusing to repent, he is by his fellow Mennonites in the community -- including his own family. Zendt decides to flee for the and purchases a well-used. Before he leaves he goes to the local and picks up Elly Zahm (), a teenage orphan who is smitten with Zendt. Having witnessed the alleged rape-attempt through a window, Elly is one of the few people in the county who knows that Zendt is innocent. The pair head west, marrying along the way.

Upon reaching, the former Mennonite is forced to sell his prized draft horses. It is explained to him that they animals would never survive the trail across the and that are much better suited, despite being slower. Making their way to St. Louis by steamboat, the Zendts join a heading across the to the Pacific guided by and unsavory mountain man, Sam Purchas (). Louis they meet and English writer and explorer, Oliver Seccombe () as well as an Army officer, Captain Maxwell Mercy ().

Seccombe is a romantic looking for adventure, intending to write a book in an attempt to prove the. Mercy is a negotiator to the Indians sent by the Army to forge treaties with the tribes of the West. While he is well-meaning, he underestimates the desire Americans have for western lands and the animosity the plains tribes have for all whites. Mercy is married to Lisette (), Pasquinel's St. Louis daughter with Lise Bockweis Pasquinel. Mercy unsuccessfully tries to gain the Pasquinel brothers' favor because of their relationship through his marriage to their half-sister.

After stopping at a fort on the frontier and meeting Alexander McKeag, the Zendts continue toward the. They are warned that Purchas is a scoundrel and likely to cause them grief. After Purchas tries to rape Elly several days later, the newlyweds decide to turn back. They return to the fort defeated, their wagon in shambles.

McKeag offers to partner with the Zendts in building a trading post near the South Platte River, an area that had been the primary site of the Arapaho village of Lame Beaver. Around this time, Elly realizes she is pregnant. Levi and Elly agree to stay and settle, however, before they reach the site of the new trading post, Elly is bitten by a, dying in McKeag's arms. Devastated by his wife's death, Zendt heads into the mountains and lives alone as a hermit in the cabin once occupied by McKeag. For as Long as the Waters Flow [ ] Lucinda McKeag (), now a grown woman, takes pity on Zendt and goes to his cabin to nurse him back to health.

The couple begins a romantic relationship and return to McKeag's trading post. The former Mennonite proposes marriage, but only if his wife learns to read so she can understand the Bible, as is customary among his people. The young woman goes to live with her father's widow in St.

Louis and attends school there. Despite a romantic fling with a young Army officer, she decides to return to the West. Zendt marries Lucinda and takes over the trading post when McKeag dies. Hans Brumbaugh (), a Russian-German () immigrant seeking his fortune, passes through the trading post.

While panning in a stream near Zendt's trading post, he rediscovers the gold vein that Lame Beaver and Pasquinel found long before. Brumbaugh is attacked by a gold-crazed fellow prospector and slays the man. He becomes so distraught about the killing that he leaves the claim without taking any of the cursed gold. He purchases land from Zendt and becomes a farmer. Using techniques, he turns marginal land into rich cropland and becomes such a success he is given the of 'Potatoes Brumbaugh.'

He will later switch to and become wealthy. Maxwell Mercy invites the Plains tribes to a peace conference. There he forges a guaranteeing safe passage to settlers on the in exchange for legal recognition of tribal land claims. Wiser heads on both sides however know that the treaty will merely delay the inevitable war between the two sides.

The Massacre [ ] By the 1860s, the has broken out in the east and the Army sends most of its troops back east to fight in the war. The local tribes take advantage of the lack of a strong military presence in the territory to redress past grievances and raid white settlements. The tribes are led by the Pasquinel brothers. A recent Colorado settler named Frank Skimmerhorn () forms a volunteer to deal with the tribes. Skimmerhorn, a survivor of, is a charismatic but mentally unbalanced leader who has a pathological hatred of all Native Americans. He leads an attack on a band of peaceful unarmed Arapaho ordering the slaughter of everyone in the camp including women and children. Captain John McIntosh (), a young officer under Skimmerhorn's command, refuses to join in the massacre and is for.

At the trial, graphic testimony from a young soldier turns against Skimmerhorn. However, by manipulating the facts, Skimmerhorn is able to regain favor with the people, culminating with his capture and of Jake Pasquinel.

Seeing no hope, Mike Pasquinel is convinced by the Zendts to surrender to the in where, in theory at least, he will receive a fair trial. As they are marching to the Army's command headquarters waving white flags Skimmerhorn (who is giving an interview to a local newspaper editor) shoots Mike in the back killing him in cold blood. Public opinion is then firmly turned against Skimmerhorn.

Maxwell Mercy, outraged at his brothers-in law's murders, challenges Skimmerhorn to a and nearly kills him only to be stopped by Levi Zendt. Disgraced and rejected by his son John, Skimmerhorn leaves Colorado. The Longhorns [ ] Oliver Seccombe returns to the area as an agent of several wealthy British investors led by Venneford of who want to start a cattle.

By claiming watering holes under the and utilizing the, they can monopolize thousands of square miles with a very small investment. The ranch would eventually control nearly 6,000,000 acres (20,000 km 2), an area nearly the size of. He hires John Skimmerhorn (), son of the disgraced militia colonel, to acquire in Texas and drive them to Colorado. For the cattle drive, the young Skimmerhorn hires several, including the experienced trail boss R.J.

Poteet () and young cow hand Jim Lloyd (played by Michael LeClair as a teen during this episode and by as the older Lloyd). At first Skimmerhorn encounters resistance because of his father's actions with the Indians, but he distances himself from his father's shadow and quickly earns the respect of the cowhands. The epic cattle drive across the tractless is successful and the new ranch, named Venneford, becomes one of the largest ranches in the west. In 1876, Colorado becomes a state and the small community that has grown up around Zendt's trading post is renamed 'Centennial' in honor of the American.

The Shepherds [ ] Seccombe stays on to manage the ranch and with John Skimmerhorn as foreman and Jim Lloyd as a regular ranch hand. Lloyd falls in love with Levi Zendt's beautiful but wild daughter Clemma ().

Clemma however merely toys with Jim. Charlotte Buckland (), the daughter of one of Venneford's wealthy British investors, comes to Colorado to find adventure. Clemma leaves town leaving Jim heartbroken. Charlotte falls in love with Seccombe and the two are married. A develops between the cattle ranchers led by Seccombe, farmers led by Hans Brumbaugh, and sheep herders led by new settler Messmore Garrett (). New town sheriff Axel Dumire () tries to settle the conflict peacefully but it soon escalates into violence.

Oliver Seccombe, angered by threats to his interests, engages the services of a gang of outlaws to kill Brumbaugh, Garrett and other leaders of the farmers and shepherds. Jim Lloyd and John Skimmerhorn find themselves caught between sides in the war.

They are cowboys but are also sympathetic to the plight of the farmers and shepherds and refuse to believe that Seccombe is behind the cold blooded killings. Brumbaugh and Garrett both survive assassination attempts but several farmers and shepherds are killed in the violence.

Eventually the outlaws are ambushed by a group of led by Brumbaugh and Jim Lloyd. The sheriff is able to restore order but several gang members escape vowing vengeance. The Storm [ ] Seccombe proves to be a poor businessman with questionable morals and the finances of the ranch are eventually called into question by the Venneford's British investors. They dispatch Finlay Perkin (), a dour Scottish, to Venneford's books. Seccombe has been secretly selling off ranch cattle to fund his activities. Perkin soon realizes that Seccombe is skimming money after seeing the combination of thousands of missing cattle and Seccombe's palatial new ranch house, evidence of his profligate spending. Seccombe's crimes are covered over however when a terrible hits the region, killing many of the ranch's cattle and thereby hiding the losses incurred by Seccombe's.

Levi Zendt dies in an accident, leaving Lucinda and their two grown children Clemma and Martin. The Crime [ ] The blizzard saves Seccombe from formal legal charges but he is still compelled to resign in disgrace and turn over ranch operations to John Skimmerhorn. The accusations and the large loss of cattle combine to take a toll on Seccombe's health and he commits leaving Charlotte a widow. Mervin Wendell (), his wife Maude (), and young son Philip () come to town.

The Wendells are ostensibly itinerant actors but in reality they are and working their way across the new railroad towns one step ahead of the law. Their favorite con is called the '.

The con works on the local pastor and the Wendells reap large proceeds. Their plan turns sour when they try it on a worldwise, Soren Sorenson (). He recognizes their trick, too late, and threatens to expose them. Wendell attacks him.

They struggle and Sorenson is killed by Maude Wendell. While looking through his belongings, they find a large fortune in cash that Sorenson was going to use to finance a real estate purchase.

Philip hides the body in a subterranean cave along the riverbank. They keep the money but realize that they cannot spend it as it will expose their guilt. The Winds of Fortune [ ] The widowed Charlotte Buckland Seccombe travels to England briefly but returns to Venneford after inheriting a majority interest in the ranch. She falls in love with Jim Lloyd, now ranch foreman, but their romance nearly falls apart when Clemma Zendt returns and Jim breaks off his engagement with Charlotte. Charlotte resolves to fight for Jim and goes to Clemma and her into leaving town—or she will use all her resources to expose Clemma's activities during her time away, which include, prostitution, fraud, and a lengthy prison term.

Clemma gets on the next train to Chicago, and Jim and Charlotte reconcile and wed. Sheriff Dumire has suspected the Wendells of shady activities since their arrival and questions them about the missing businessman. He hounds the Wendells but they won't crack and the sheriff can do nothing.

The Wendells' young son Philip admires the sheriff and has no respect for his father. He wants to tell him the truth but cannot bring himself to betray his own flesh and blood. The sheriff is killed by remnants of the gang hired to drive the farmers out in the range war, and Philip begins to reveal the secret only as Dumire dies. With the sheriff out of the picture, Mervin and Maude Wendell are now free from legal suspicion.

He charms a railroad land agent and begins planting the seeds of a future real estate empire. The Winds of Death [ ] By the turn of the 20th century, Mervin Wendell has grown rich selling marginal land to naive immigrants and easterners for, then and. Though the secret of his family's success still haunts the now grown up Philip (), he continues the family real estate business often mercilessly foreclosing on unsuccessful farmers. Among those are young Earl and Alice Grebe ( and ). Despite warnings from Hans Brumbaugh and Jim Lloyd, the Grebes settle on the of the and take out a mortgage with Mervin Wendell.

This gamble on marginal land soon turns disastrous as the years of the 1920s and 1930s and a freefall in wheat prices after set in. The Grebes fall behind in their mortgage and Wendell threatens foreclosure. Dust storms kill the Grebe's son causing an emotionally distraught Alice to go insane and stab several of her remaining children to death. Enraged, Earl. The shrinking of the prairie and the closing of the open range leave Venneford Ranch a shadow of its former glory. Still, the ranch is large and successful and Charlotte uses her wealth and clout to defend victims of local bigotry. Beeley Garrett (), Messmore’s son, marries Jim and Charlotte Lloyd’s daughter and takes over control of the Venneford when Jim dies.

The Scream of Eagles [ ] By the 1970s, the two leading citizens in town are Paul Garrett (), the current owner of Venneford Ranch, and Morgan Wendell (). Both men are in their 50s, but any similarity ends there. Garrett is thoughtful, introspective, and interested in preserving the natural beauty of Colorado for future generations. He is Beeley Garrett's son as well as Charlotte and Jim Lloyd's grandson.

He is also a descendant of the Garretts, Levi Zendt, Pasquinel, and Lame Beaver. Morgan is Philip's son who has inherited the family real estate empire as well as their propensity for self-interest. He is a naked opportunist looking to advance his own personal and financial interests at any cost. Professor Lew Vernor () and writer Sidney Enderman () arrive in town to do research on the history of Centennial. Vernor goes to Paul Garrett to learn the history of the region. Later while exploring the town Vernor discovers a washed-out cave with human remains on the Wendells' property. Morgan, recognizing the scene from his father's tales, orders Vernor out and hides the evidence of the century-old murder that made his family wealthy.

Wendell is a candidate for the new statewide office of Commissioner of Resources, an elected office that will balance economic growth with environmental and historical preservation. Wendell is running on a platform that emphasizes economic growth. Paul Garrett and other civic leaders hope for a more balanced approach that preserves the traditional Colorado way of life. While telling Vernor and Enderman the history of Centennial (Garrett's voice narrates the miniseries), he is persuaded to run against Wendell in the election.

During the election, Wendell runs a dirty campaign and smears Garrett by any means possible. He plays the, pointing out the widower Garrett plans to marry a young woman. In the end, Garrett appears to win the election, though the final outcome is never actually revealed.

Location and filming [ ]. Highlands Ranch Mansion The novel places the town at the junction of the and the, which would place it roughly halfway between the Colorado towns of and. This is consistent with Michener's description of the town's location; no real town exists in this area, however. This location would place the spot of the fictional town in central on the about 25 miles (40 km) east of the base of the Rockies. Author James A.

Michener lived in Greeley during the late 1930s and was familiar with the area. Michener used a variety of source material for his fictional town taken from various areas in eastern Colorado, and Centennial is not meant to represent a single settlement. There is a city called, but it did not exist until 2001 and its location and history are not at all similar in any way to the town described in either the book or miniseries. Principal filming occurred in 1978.

There were numerous filming locations in several parts of the United States. Colorado filming locations included Greeley, the,,,, and the. Several of the mountain men era scenes were filmed in in. The scenes representing St. Louis in the late 18th and early 19th century were filmed in. The State Historic Site in served as the Bockweiss mansion.

Scenes representing the Zendt farm and Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, were filmed in and around. The ranch house and surrounding buildings used for the Venneford Ranch house was the (pictured) in, which ironically is located near the real town of Centennial, Colorado. Years later the surrounding property was developed for housing; one of the streets in the development was named Venneford Ranch Road (by the Mission Viejo Company). Critical reception [ ] Nominated for several awards, including a Best Actor for Chamberlain and Best Television Series Drama in 1979. Historical basis [ ] The Pasquinel character bears similarities to, a French-Canadian, courier de bois, fur trapper who explored the region, of the North Platte River, in southern Wyoming, in the early 19th century.

During the episode 'The Yellow Apron', Pasquinel tells his son Jake that he was named after his good friend and early trapping partner, 'Jacques LaRamee'. The characters, Jacques and Michel, the renegade, 'Pasquinel brothers', the sons, of Pasquinel and Clay Basket, are loosely-based, on the four, sons, of trader,, of, near present-day. The character of Indian hater and Colonel Frank Skimmerhorn appears to be loosely based on, a disgraced ex-Methodist minister who led the infamous in in 1864. Skimmerhorn's remark during the massacre, 'nits make lice,' is a direct quote by Chivington. The miniseries however seems to imply that the Skimmerhorn character is a Mormon since he refers to the Arapaho as ', a term found in Mormon theology, to refer to Indians, but not in Protestant or Roman Catholic doctrine. Captain John McIntosh's (Major Mercy in the novel) role in the incident and subsequent trial appears to be loosely based on. The range war depicted in the series is similar in many respects to the 1892 in.

The scene where Nate Person, Bufe Coker, and Fat Laura are murdered by hired killers, the Pettis brothers, bears similarity to the lynching of with the Oliver Seccombe character taking a role similar to that of. The character of Hans 'Potato' Brumbaugh appears to be loosely based on the Colorado historical figure Rufus 'Potato' Clark, a failed gold prospector who turned to agriculture and became a pioneer in. Like the character in Centennial, Clark grew wealthy by growing potatoes near, eventually switching to sugar beets and controlling more than 20,000 acres (80 km 2). Despite the name and location, the city of was founded in 2001 and is not based on the novel. Differences between the book and miniseries [ ] Although Michener began his novel in prehistory, the series itself begins with elements from Chapter 4 of the book, 'The Many Coups of Lame Beaver.' The novel devotes an entire section to Kurt Brumbaugh's development of Central Beet company; the miniseries, however, makes only passing reference to it. The Wendells use the badger game to blackmail the town pastor out of his house in the miniseries, but in the book they get the house from a local businessman.

In the miniseries, Morgan Wendell tries to cover up his family's shady history, but in the book he speaks openly about the murder and his father's admiration of the sheriff to the author- who in turn agrees to publish the facts of the killing after the election. Paul Garrett is in his 50s and is Jim and Charlotte Lloyd's grandson in the miniseries, but he is in his early 40s in the novel and is Jim and Charlotte's great-grandson. The miniseries skips a generation for the sake of simplicity. This skipped generation would have revealed that Paul Garrett is also a descendant of Maxwell & Lisette Mercy, Levi & Lucinda Zendt, and John Skimmerhorn (son of Colonel Skimmerhorn). There is no election pitting Paul Garrett against Morgan Wendell in the novel. Wendell is elected Commissioner of Resources, and Garrett reluctantly accepts his offer to be his principal deputy.

The novel also portrays Morgan Wendell as a more reasonable and balanced man than what is depicted in the miniseries. It is he, not Paul Garrett, who makes the reference to as the anti-standard by which all politicians should be judged. Cast [ ] Principal cast [ ]. Actor/character • – Lame Beaver • – Jim Lloyd • – Herman Bockweiss • – Clay Basket • – Alexander McKeag • – Pasquinel • – Col. Frank Skimmerhorn • – Oliver Seccombe • – John Skimmerhorn • – Major Maxwell Mercy • – Sidney Endermann • – Prof.

Lewis Vernor • – Cisco Calendar • – Captain John McIntosh • – Levi Zendt • – Paul Garrett (Narrator) • – Hans Brumbaugh • – Sheriff Axel Dumire • – Lise Bockweiss Pasquinel • – Tranquilino Marquez • – Jacques Pasquinel • – Maude Wendell • – Sam Purchas • – Lucinda McKeag Zendt • – Charlotte Buckland Seccombe Lloyd • – Finlay Perkin • – Marcel Pasquinel • – Joe Bean • – R. Poteet • – Morgan Wendell • – Mervin Wendell • – Elly Zahm Zendt Other cast [ ]. • Maria Yolanda Aguayo – Blue Leaf (child) • Steven Andrade – 1st Arapaho • Phyllis Applegate – Clerk • – Mr. Holmes • Ed Bakey – Floyd Calendar • – Hank Garvey • Scott Birney - Zendt Farm Child • William Bogert – William Bellamy • – Vesta Volkema • Siegfried H. Brauer III - Extra • Marta Brennan – Mary Sibley • – Jim Bridger • – Magnes Volkema • Steve Burns – Pvt. James Clark • Barry Cahill – Maj. O'Neil • – Booth-Clibborn • – Nacho Gomez • Joan Carey – Miss Kruger • Dave Cass – Frank Pettis • – Lisette Mercy • – Senora Alvarez • Alex Colon – Father Vigil • – Alvarez • Ralph Davies Lewis – Tom Ragland • Bob Davis – Bank Manager • Joella Deffenbaugh – Fat Laura • Dennis Dimster – Timmy Grebe • – Nate Person III • Burt Douglas – Capt.

William Ketchum • Damon Douglas – William Savage • Robert Douglas – Claude Richards • – Maj. George Sibley • – Judge Hart • – Manolo Marquez • H.P.

Evetts – Orvid Pettis • Darrell Fetty – Burns • – Buck • – Jim Beckworth • Lou Frizzell – Mr. Norriss • – Old Sioux • Byron Gilbert – Truinfador Marquez • – Serafina Marquez • Michael Goodrow – Ethan Grebe • Lani Grant – Mrs. Takemoto • Jacques Hampton – Doctor • – Defense Atty. Prescott • – Bradley Finch • Allan Hunt – Stanford • Gordon Hurst – Clay • – Laseter • – Sgt. Lykes • – Earl Grebe • Claude Earl Jones – Matt • Morris Jones – 1st Reporter • John Kings – Englishman • – Rev. Fenstermacher • Eric Lalich – Jake Calendar • David and Daniel Lange – Ben Dawson (age 9) • – Buford Coker • – Flagg • – Clemma Zendt • Tony LaTorre – Marcel (age 7) • Michael Le Clair – Jim Lloyd (young) • – Sheriff Bogardus • Duane Loken – 1st Cheyenne • Christopher Lowell – Keefe • Jaimie MacDonald – Jacques (ages 6–9) • Jay W. MacIntosh – Emma Lloyd • – Col.

Salcedo • Barney McFadden – Abel Tanner • – Philip Wendell (as a boy) • Gloria McMillan – Clara Brumbaugh • Jim McMullan – Prosecutor • Sandy McPeak – Soren Sorenson • Mari Michener – Janice Welch • Julio Medina – Father Gravez • – Maurice Cartwright • – Mule Canby • Karmin Murcelo – Flor Marquez • – Lord Venneford • Ivan Naranjo – Gray Wolf • Mark Neely – Martin Zendt • Richard O'Brien – Judge • Rachel Orr – Victoria Grebe • Michael K. Kellen • Gene Otis – Stringer • – Philip Wendell (adult) • – Maylon Zendt • – Rev. Holly • Terry Phillips – Newscaster • Maria Potts – Blue Leaf • Monika Ramirez – Blue Leaf (age 14) • – Lost Eagle • Steven Rapp – Kurt Brumbaugh • Debi Richter – Rebecca Stoltzfus • – Messmore Garrett • – Broken Thumb • – Gen. Asher • Vincent Roberts – Jacques Pasquinel • Frank S. Salsedo – Sam Lopez • – Charley Kin • Eric Server – Pierce • – Paul Garrett (as a boy) • Steve Shemayne – Pawnee Chief • Stuart Silbar – Col. Hanley • – Spade Larkin • Robert Somers – Sergeant • – Alice Grebe • – Aunt Augusta • Gordon Steel – Donald McPherson • Sterling Swanson – Hunter • Takashi – Mr.

Takemoto • Irene Tedrow – Mother Zendt • – Rude Water • – Dennis • Tiger Thompson – Young Beeley Garrett • – Uncle Dick • Ray Tracey – Lame Beaver (young) • Deborah Trissell – Miss Keller (credited in Episode #9, in which she can't be seen) • – Nate Person • Mina Vasquez – Soledad Marquez • – Beeley Garrett (adult) • – Amos Calendar • – Dr. Richard Butler • Robby Weaver – Gompert • – George • Leslie Winston – Laura Lou Booker • – Gen. Wade • David Yanez – Lame Beaver (age 9) • Ken Yellow Moon – 2nd Arapaho • – an extra in the Indian village scene (his TV debut) Crew [ ] Directors [ ] • • • • Producers [ ] • – Producer • – Producer • – Producer • – Producer • – Producer Other Crew [ ] • – Screenwriter • – Screenwriter • John Wilder – Screenwriter & Executive Producer • – Composer (Music Score) • Charles W. Short – Cinematographer • Duke Callaghan – Cinematographer • Jacques Marquette – Cinematographer • Ronald W.

Browne – Cinematographer • John P. Bruce – Art Director • John W.

Corso – Art Director • Lloyd S. Papez – Art Director • Louis Montejano – Art Director • Mark Mansbridge – Art Director • Seymour Klate – Art Director • Sherman Loudermilk – Art Director • – Author • Helen Colvig – Costume Designer • Bill Parker – Editor • Howard S. Deane – Editor • John Elias – Editor • Ralph Schoenfeld – Editor • Robert F. Shugrue – Editor • Robert Watts – Editor • Jack Senter – Production Designer Awards and nominations [ ] Year Award Result Category Recipient 1979 Winner Network Television Production: Television Series John Wilder 1979 Nominated Outstanding Film Editing for a Limited Series or a Special Robert Watts (For chapter one: 'Only the Rocks Live Forever') Outstanding Art Direction for a Limited Series or a Special John W.

Corso (art director), John M. Dwyer (set decorator), Robert George Freer (set decorator), Sherman Loudermilk (art director), Jack Senter (production designer), Joseph J. Stone (set decorator) (For chapter seven: 'The Shepherds') 1979 Western Heritage Awards Won Fictional Television Drama John Wilder 1979 Won Multi-Part Long Form Series and/or Any Production of More Than Two Parts John Wilder (For chapter one: 'Only the Rocks Live Forever') 1980 Nominated Best TV-Series – Drama - Best TV Actor – Drama Richard Chamberlain Footnotes [ ].